Shivam Singh17 Jun, 2025
Unemployment has emerged as one of the most prominent challenges for both developing and developed countries. In the context of India, this issue becomes even more significant due to the country's diverse population and changing economic scenarios.
This essay on unemployment in India emphasizes the challenges, possible causes, and government measures to curb unemployment and address its negative consequences.
If you are looking for a comprehensive view on unemployment issues for writing essays on the problem of unemployment, this article will provide clarity and useful insights into the unemployment challenges in India.
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Unemployment is a situation where individuals who are willing and capable of working don't get job opportunities. Many people fail to live a dignified life in the absence of paid work. Even the necessities like food, home, and clothing are not being fulfilled properly due to inadequate sources of income.
It is a serious social and economic issue that deprives people of living standards, including health and education, and adversely impacts the nation's overall progress. A good unemployment essay must highlight how this situation leads to underutilization and wastage of the country's most valuable human resources.
Unemployment is a severe problem that affects most people in a country. Understanding the various types of unemployment is important to analyze the problem and find solutions. This unemployment essay in English explains the common types of unemployment as follows:
Frictional Unemployment: It is a temporary phase when individuals remain unemployed between jobs or take breaks to seek better opportunities.
Structural Unemployment: This type of unemployment occurs when the skills acquired by job seekers don't match the job requirements. This can happen due to technological advancements, changes in the industry, or globalization.
Cyclical Unemployment: It is related to the lack of job opportunities during economic recessions or when there is a fall in demand for goods and services.
Seasonal Unemployment: It occurs when certain economic sectors have less need for workers during specific periods. It is common in agriculture, tourism, and construction businesses.
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Unemployment can happen under a variety of circumstances. The unemployment essay must highlight the core reasons that contribute to this crisis. Here are some factors leading to the high unemployment rate in India:
Population Explosion
India's rapid population growth is one of the main reasons for Unemployment. There are not sufficient jobs to match the rapidly growing workforce. Each year, many educated youths fail to secure a job. As per 2024 data, around 16% of India's youth population was unemployed.
Skill Mismatch
The present educational system often lacks the focus on developing the technical acumen and aptitude needed for the industries. It creates a gap between the requirements and availability of relevant skills for some specific jobs, leading to limited job opportunities.
Slow Industrial Growth
One of the reasons for unemployment is the inadequate industrial expansion and economic growth that limit the creation of new jobs. Many small and medium enterprises have the potential to create jobs, but often struggle to survive due to a lack of funding and resource support.
Technology Changes
Automation and digitalization in industrial operations have reduced the need for human labour in several sectors, leading to limited employment scopes. Moreover, technological changes have made many traditional skills obsolete, leading to job loss and unemployment.
Corruption and Political Bottlenecks
The employment process sometimes suffers disruptions due to political interference and corruption in recruitment processes. Delayed government initiatives and time-consuming official formalities further discourage qualified job seekers.
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This essay on the Unemployment problem must discuss its serious consequences. Unemployment affects not only individuals but also the entire society and economy. Let's look at some of the major impacts of unemployment on society.
Poverty
Unemployment on a large scale leads to poverty. Without the source of funds, families struggle to meet the basic needs of livelihood, such as food, shelter, healthcare, and education.
Social Unrest
Without a job and income, many people suffer from frustration and mental stress. They even indulge in illegal activities out of desperation, which increases criminal activity.
Disparities in Income Distribution
Unemployment increases the disparities in society due to differences in income distribution. The employed groups maintain their wealth and status, and those without jobs suffer a significant loss of income and basic facilities.
High Unemployment leads to low purchasing power of people and overall consumption, reduces output of goods and services, and slows down economic growth.
India's unemployment rate has fluctuated due to global economic conditions and domestic challenges. The average unemployment rate in India is about 8.17% from 2018 until 2025, the highest being 23.5% in April 2020 and reaching the lowest of 6.4% in September 2022.
The first monthly Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) reveals that India's unemployment rate stood at 5.1% in April 2025. Despite educational qualifications, many young people find it difficult to get stable and meaningful jobs.
In 2022, the unemployment rate for urban youth was 17.2%, and 10.6% in rural areas. The informal sector, which absorbs a large portion of the workforce, often offers insecure and low-paying jobs without social security benefits.
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While writing a well-rounded essay on Unemployment in India, it's important to mention the government's efforts to address this issue. The following actions taken by the government are significant steps toward handling this issue:
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) guarantees 100 days of wage employment in rural areas.
Skill India Mission aims to provide vocational training and enable youth to find jobs.
The Make in India initiative encourages manufacturing within India to generate more employment.
The Startup India program supports young entrepreneurs and focuses on self-reliance and domestic industry growth to create jobs.
Unemployment poses several challenges to individuals and society that impact the nation's developmental goals. This unemployment essay in English discusses its various causes, effects, and possible solutions. While government schemes are in place, the need for a collaborative approach involving policy-makers, educational institutions, industries, and communities can help tackle this problem effectively.
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